Journal: Cell

Article Title: Human neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 require intact Fc effector functions for optimal therapeutic protection

doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Confirmation of cellular depletions, related to Figure 6 (A) Representative flow cytometry plots of monocytes and neutrophils from peripheral blood at 8 dpi following intraperitoneal injection of a depleting anti-CCR2 mAb or isotype control mAb and frequency of Ly6C hi monocytes and neutrophils in blood at 8 dpi following anti-CCR2 or isotype control mAb administration in isotype control or COV2-2050-treated mice (two experiments, n = 6 per group). (B) Representative flow cytometry plots of peripheral blood at 8 dpi following intraperitoneal injection of a depleting anti-Ly6G mAb or isotype control mAb and frequency of Ly6C hi monocytes and mature Ly6G + neutrophils in blood at 8 dpi following anti-Ly6G or isotype control mAb administration in isotype control or COV2-2050-treated mice (two experiments, n = 5-6 per group). In the groups treated with anti-Ly6G, neutrophils were identified as CD11b + Ly6B + Ly6C int cells. Red dots (neutrophils) and monocytes (blue dots) correspond to the same population identified in both plots (neutrophils: CD11b + Ly6C + Ly6G + Ly6C int and monocytes: CD11b + Ly6C + Ly6G - Ly6C high ). (C) Representative flow cytometry plots of peripheral blood at 8 dpi following intraperitoneal injection of a depleting anti-NK1.1 mAb or isotype control mAb. Also shown is the frequency of NK cells in blood at 8 dpi following anti-NK1.1 or isotype control mAb administration in isotype control or COV2-2050-treated mice (two experiments, n = 4-5 per group). (D) Representative flow cytometry plots of splenocytes gated on CD4 + and CD8 + T cells at 8 dpi following intraperitoneal injection of a depleting anti-CD8α mAb or isotype control mAb (left). Frequency of CD8 + T cells in the spleen at 8 dpi following anti-CD8α or isotype control mAb administration in isotype mAb control or COV2-2050-treated mice (right) (two experiments, n = 4-5 per group). (E) Representative flow cytometry plots of splenocytes gated to cDC1s at 8 dpi following intraperitoneal injection of a depleting anti-CD8α mAb or isotype control mAb (left). Frequency of cDC1 cells in the spleen at 8 dpi following anti-CD8α or isotype control mAb administration in isotype control mAb or COV2-2050-treated mice (right) (two experiments, n = 4-5 per group).

Article Snippet: InVivoPlus anti-mouse CD8α , BioXCell , RRID: AB_10950145.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Injection

Journal: Cell

Article Title: Human neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 require intact Fc effector functions for optimal therapeutic protection

doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.026

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: InVivoPlus anti-mouse CD8α , BioXCell , RRID: AB_10950145.

Techniques: Recombinant, Expressing, Isolation, Staining, Amplification, Software, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation

Article Title: αβ T-cell receptors from multiple sclerosis brain lesions show MAIT cell–related features

doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000107

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Cluster of expanded Vβ1 + T cells within multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Immunohistochemistry for the expanded and persisting Vβ1 clone (green) in clusters of CD8 + T cells (red) in parenchymal MS lesions. Several such clusters were observed. Only very few scattered CD8 − Vβ1 + T cells could be identified in the brain lesion. Nuclei are visualized with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (white). Scale bar 20 µm. (B) Sequences of paired T-cell receptor (TCR) α and β chains. Single sorted or laser microdissected Vβ1 + CD8 + T cells from peripheral blood or brain sections were submitted to single-cell TCR PCR to identify Vβ1 chains and all possible matching α chains. The V, n(D)n, and J regions are indicated. Amino acids encoded by n(D)n nucleotides are printed in red. The expanded Vβ1-Jβ2.3 β chain (upper line) was found to pair with 4 different α chains. Three α chains were identified from brain lesions, and 1 α chain was found in blood. The α chains expressing the Jα33 (second line) and Jα16 (fifth line) elements were identified in 7 and 6 independent cells, respectively. All α chains share the Vα7.2 element, and even though they do not share the same Jα element, they all show homologous complementarity determining region 3α regions with a conserved valine (V) followed by a positively charged arginine (R) (with only one clone showing a glutamine [Q]), a negatively charged amino acid (D/E), and a relatively large hydrophilic amino acid. One of the α chains (highlighted in red) is the mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell canonical TCR Vα7.2-CAXXDSNYQLIW-Jα33 chain with 2 N nucleotide–encoded amino acids between Vα7.2 and Jα33 (here VR). The other clones with Jα16, Jα24.1, and Jα58 chains are atypical for MAIT cells, which usually carry Jα33, Jα20, or Jα12. PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell.

Article Snippet: To characterize T-cell infiltrates in sections of MS brain, the following antibodies against cell surface molecules were used: mouse anti-human CD161 (1:5, 191B8, Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), mouse anti-human Vα7.2 (1:5, 3C10, BioLegend, San Diego, CA), mouse anti-human CD8α (1:50, LT8, AbD Serotec, Kidlington, UK; labeled with the Cy3 MAb labeling kit, GE Healthcare, Freiburg, Germany), rabbit anti-human CCR7 (1:800, Y59, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), mouse anti-human CD45RA (1:250, HI100, BioLegend), mouse anti-human CD45RO (1:250, UCHL1, BioLegend), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled mouse anti-human Vβ1 (1:100, BL37.2, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA), rabbit anti-human CD3 (1:500, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), and Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated mouse anti-human CD4 (1:50, RPA-T4, eBioscience, San Diego, CA).

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Clone Assay

Journal: Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation

Article Title: αβ T-cell receptors from multiple sclerosis brain lesions show MAIT cell–related features

doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000107

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunofluorescence staining of brain-infiltrating immune cells. All nuclei are stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (white). Green and red dyes were used. Double-positive cells are therefore shown in yellow. Scale bars 50 µm. (A) Double staining for CD3 (green) and CD8α (red). Most CD3 + T cells coexpress CD8α. (B) CD8 + (red) T cells outnumber CD4 + (green) T cells. (C) Low numbers of CD45RA + (green) CD8 + (red) double-positive T cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain tissue. (D) Many CD8 + T cells (red) coexpress CD45RO (green). (E) Naive T cells double-positive for CCR7 (red) and CD45RA (green) are mostly found within blood vessels and are barely detectable in the parenchyma of MS CNS. (F) Effector memory (CD45RO + CCR7 − ) (green arrow) and central memory (CD45RO + CCR + ) (yellow arrow) T cells in MS lesions.

Article Snippet: To characterize T-cell infiltrates in sections of MS brain, the following antibodies against cell surface molecules were used: mouse anti-human CD161 (1:5, 191B8, Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), mouse anti-human Vα7.2 (1:5, 3C10, BioLegend, San Diego, CA), mouse anti-human CD8α (1:50, LT8, AbD Serotec, Kidlington, UK; labeled with the Cy3 MAb labeling kit, GE Healthcare, Freiburg, Germany), rabbit anti-human CCR7 (1:800, Y59, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), mouse anti-human CD45RA (1:250, HI100, BioLegend), mouse anti-human CD45RO (1:250, UCHL1, BioLegend), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled mouse anti-human Vβ1 (1:100, BL37.2, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA), rabbit anti-human CD3 (1:500, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), and Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated mouse anti-human CD4 (1:50, RPA-T4, eBioscience, San Diego, CA).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Double Staining

Journal: Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation

Article Title: αβ T-cell receptors from multiple sclerosis brain lesions show MAIT cell–related features

doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000107

Figure Lengend Snippet: Double fluorescence immunohistochemistry identifies brain-infiltrating mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions of patient A. Nuclei are stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (white). Green and red dyes were used. Double-positive cells are therefore shown in yellow. Scale bars 20 µm. (A) T cells expressing the T-cell receptor Vα7.2 (red) and Vβ1 chains (green). This combination (see ) was identified by single-cell PCR. (B) Most Vα7.2 + (green) T cells belong to the CD8 + (red) T-cell subset. (C) MAIT cells expressing Vα7.2 (red) and CD161 (green) in the parenchyma of MS brain. (D) The vast majority of CD161 + (green) cells in MS CNS coexpress CD8α (red).

Article Snippet: To characterize T-cell infiltrates in sections of MS brain, the following antibodies against cell surface molecules were used: mouse anti-human CD161 (1:5, 191B8, Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), mouse anti-human Vα7.2 (1:5, 3C10, BioLegend, San Diego, CA), mouse anti-human CD8α (1:50, LT8, AbD Serotec, Kidlington, UK; labeled with the Cy3 MAb labeling kit, GE Healthcare, Freiburg, Germany), rabbit anti-human CCR7 (1:800, Y59, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), mouse anti-human CD45RA (1:250, HI100, BioLegend), mouse anti-human CD45RO (1:250, UCHL1, BioLegend), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled mouse anti-human Vβ1 (1:100, BL37.2, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA), rabbit anti-human CD3 (1:500, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), and Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated mouse anti-human CD4 (1:50, RPA-T4, eBioscience, San Diego, CA).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation

Article Title: αβ T-cell receptors from multiple sclerosis brain lesions show MAIT cell–related features

doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000107

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vα7.2 repertoire of patient A by pyrosequencing shows oligoclonal T-cell expansions in different samples. Each pie chart represents the total number of nucleotide sequences found in the Vα7.2 repertoire of a certain compartment and each sector represents one distinct T-cell clone. We compared (A) samples from CNS tissue from the biopsy taken in 1996, (B) Vα7.2 + CD161 + mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, (C) Vα7.2 + CD161 − cells, (D) CD8 + cells, and (E) CD4 + T cells from peripheral blood taken in 2013 and 2014. For each population we list the designation of the Jα elements and their relative percentage. Clones carrying the MAIT canonical TCR α chain (CAXXDSNYQLIW) are marked in bright blue, and clones containing the noncanonical α chains characterized by Jα12 (CAXXDSSYKLIF) and Jα20 (CAVXXDYKLSF) are marked in dark blue and light blue, respectively. (F) Percentages of identical complementarity determining region 3α amino acid sequences within the TCR Vα7.2 + repertoire between the different samples defined above (A–E). The numbers are percentages indicating how often a particular sequence detected in one sample was also found in another sample. The greatest overlap was between Vα7.2 + CD161 + and CD8 + T cells from peripheral blood, but there was also significant overlap between the CNS sample and the Vα7.2 + CD161 + sample from 2013 to 2014, as highlighted by the red and yellow colors. PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell.

Article Snippet: To characterize T-cell infiltrates in sections of MS brain, the following antibodies against cell surface molecules were used: mouse anti-human CD161 (1:5, 191B8, Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), mouse anti-human Vα7.2 (1:5, 3C10, BioLegend, San Diego, CA), mouse anti-human CD8α (1:50, LT8, AbD Serotec, Kidlington, UK; labeled with the Cy3 MAb labeling kit, GE Healthcare, Freiburg, Germany), rabbit anti-human CCR7 (1:800, Y59, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), mouse anti-human CD45RA (1:250, HI100, BioLegend), mouse anti-human CD45RO (1:250, UCHL1, BioLegend), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled mouse anti-human Vβ1 (1:100, BL37.2, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA), rabbit anti-human CD3 (1:500, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), and Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated mouse anti-human CD4 (1:50, RPA-T4, eBioscience, San Diego, CA).

Techniques: Clone Assay, Sequencing

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: Construction and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Recombinant Replication-Deficient Human Adenovirus-5 Expressing Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus F Protein and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus VP2 Protein

doi: 10.3390/vaccines11061051

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of cellular immunity in different groups: ( A ) Statistical analysis of the peripheral blood lymphocyte stimulation index in the ND groups. Under ConA stimulation, the SI values of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the PBS group were significantly lower than those of the rDHN3-mF, rAd5-F, and rAd5-VP2-F2A-F groups ( p < 0.001). The SI values of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the rAd5-EGFP group were significantly lower than those in the rDHN3-mF, rAd5-F, and rAd5-VP2-F2A-F groups ( p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the rDHN3-mF, rAd5-F, and rAd5-VP2-F2A-F groups ( p > 0.05), and no significant differences between the PBS and rAd5-EGFP groups ( p > 0.05). Under inactivated NDV stimulation, the SI values of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the PBS and rAd5-EGFP groups were significantly lower than those in the rDHN3-mF, rAd5-F, and rAd5-VP2-F2A-F groups ( p < 0.0001). SI values in the rAd-VP2-F2A-F group were significantly different from those of the rDHN3-mF and rAd5-F groups ( p < 0.05); no significant differences between the rDHN3-mF and rAd5-F groups ( p > 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the PBS and rAd5-EGFP groups ( p > 0.05) (ns—non-significant; * p < 0.05); ( B ) Statistical analysis of the peripheral blood lymphocyte stimulation index in IBD groups. From ( D ) above, it can be seen that the SI values of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the HVT-VP2 vector vaccines group, rAd5-VP2 group, and rAd5-VP2-F2A-F group were not significantly different from each other regardless of ConA stimulation or inactivated IBDV stimulation in the IBD group ( p > 0.05). However, the SI values of the above three groups were significantly higher than those of the rAd5- EGFP and the PBS groups ( p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the PBS and rAd5-EGFP groups ( p > 0.05) (ns—non-significant); ( C , D ) Statistical analysis of the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood in ND groups. It can be seen from these two pictures that the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the rAd5-F, rDHN3-mF, and rAd5-VP2-F2A-F groups were significantly higher than those in the PBS group ( p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the above three vaccine groups ( p > 0.05); ( E , F ) Statistical analysis of the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood in the IBD groups. It can be seen from these two pictures that the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the rAd5-VP2 group, the HVT-VP2 vector vaccines, and rAd5-VP2-F2A-F groups were significantly higher than in the PBS group ( p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the three vaccine groups ( p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: The T-lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry (Beckman Coulter, Carlsbad, CA, USA) with the following antibodies: mouse anti-chicken CD3, mouse anti-chicken CD4, and mouse anti-chicken CD8α (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL, USA).

Techniques: Comparison, Plasmid Preparation, Vaccines

Journal: Nature

Article Title: Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1895-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1 | Peripheral CD8+ TEMRA cells are increased in AD and are negatively associated with cognition. a, Four cohorts were used to assess adaptive immunity in AD. b, Representative SPADE trees of PBMCs from healthy individuals and patients with MCI or AD in cohort 1 show an increased abundance of a CD8+ cluster (cluster 63) in patients with MCI or AD. Background tree nodes are sized according to cell counts. Insets are coloured according to CD8 expression. c, Quantification of cluster 63 as a percentage of total PBMCs. The percentage of cluster 63 cells is significantly higher in patients with MCI or AD than healthy control individuals. Mean ± s.e.m.; unpaired two-sided t-test with Welch’s correction. d, Marker expression analysis of cluster 63 corresponds to a CD3+CD8+CD45RA+CD27− TEMRA population. Data in c, d were pooled from seven independent experiments with similar results. e, Linear regression showing the inverse correlation between cognitive score and the percentage of CD8+ TEMRA cells in individuals from cohort 2. Pearson’s correlation r values are shown for each group. The significance of the difference between the two data sets was measured by ANCOVA. f, Stimulation with PMA and ionomycin (stim.) induces increased expression of IFN-γ in CD8+ T cells from patients with MCI or AD. Mean ± s.e.m.; unpaired two-sided t-test with Welch’s correction. g, Differential expression analysis (scRNA-seq) of CD8+ TEMRA cells from healthy individuals (n = 7) and patients with MCI or AD (n = 6) shows upregulated TCR signalling. Model-based analysis of single-cell transcriptomics (MAST) differential expression test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction. h, Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes in CD8+ TEMRA cells from patients with MCI or AD (n = 6 subjects) versus healthy individuals (n = 7 subjects) shows increased antigenic stimulation of CD8+ TEMRA cells in patients with MCI or AD. Fisher’s exact test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction. Pathways (circles) with positive z-scores are coloured red; those with negative z-scores are coloured blue. The size of the circle corresponds to the size of the z-score (two-sided).

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies included rat anti-human CD3 (Abcam), rabbit anti-human CD8α (Cell Signaling), mouse anti-Aβ (Cell Signaling), chicken anti-human MAP2 (Abcam), mouse anti-human granzyme-A (Abcam), rat anti-mouse CD8a (eBioscience) and rabbit anti-mouse NEFH (Abcam).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Marker, Quantitative Proteomics, Single-cell Transcriptomics

Journal: Nature

Article Title: Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1895-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2 | CD8+ T cells enter the brain in patients with AD. a, Confocal imaging of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in the post-mortem brain of a patient with AD from cohort 3 shows CD8+ T cells in the perivascular space of Aβ+ blood vessels with cerebral amyloid angiopathy in three AD-affected hippocampi. Arrowheads indicate CD8+ T cells; asterisks indicate blood vessel lumen. Scale bars, 20 μm. b, Higher numbers of CD8+ T cells were detected in AD-affected than control hippocampi. Mean ± s.e.m.; unpaired two-sided t-test with Welch’s correction. c, A CD8+ T cell is shown associated with MAP2+ neuronal processes. d, CD8+ T cells are localized to the leptomeninges and adjacent to hippocampal Aβ plaques. Scale bar, 100 μm. Data in c, d were replicated in three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies included rat anti-human CD3 (Abcam), rabbit anti-human CD8α (Cell Signaling), mouse anti-Aβ (Cell Signaling), chicken anti-human MAP2 (Abcam), mouse anti-human granzyme-A (Abcam), rat anti-mouse CD8a (eBioscience) and rabbit anti-mouse NEFH (Abcam).

Techniques: Imaging, Control

Journal: Nature

Article Title: Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1895-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 | Clonal expansion of CD8+ TEMRA cells in the CSF of patients with AD. a, Plate-seq and drop-seq methods used for scTCR-seq and scRNA-seq of immune cells of the CSF in patients from cohort 4. b, CD8+ TCRαβ clonality (plate-seq) in the CSF of patients with AD and healthy control individuals. c, The top (most expanded) clone in AD had a marker expression profile of CD8+CD45RA+CD27− TEMRA cells. Data were replicated in two independent experiments. d, CSF cells analysed by drop-seq and clustered by multidimensional reduction with t-SNE, showing populations of immune cells that include CD8+ TEMRA cells (n = 9 healthy control individuals (10,876 cells); n = 9 patients with MCI or AD (10,391 cells)). e, Marker expression of CSF clusters, including CD8+ TEMRA cells. CD62L is also known as SELL; CD11c is also known as ITGAX. Data were pooled from three independent experiments. f, Concentration of clonal cells in locations of CD8+ T cell clusters (n = 9 subjects per group). g, Representative plots of CD8+ TCRαβ clonality (drop-seq) in age-matched subjects shows enhanced clonal expansion and more highly expanded clones in AD. Clones are coloured by proportion of the total TCRαβ sequences. h, Quantification of maximum clones (% TCRαβ sequences) shows a

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies included rat anti-human CD3 (Abcam), rabbit anti-human CD8α (Cell Signaling), mouse anti-Aβ (Cell Signaling), chicken anti-human MAP2 (Abcam), mouse anti-human granzyme-A (Abcam), rat anti-mouse CD8a (eBioscience) and rabbit anti-mouse NEFH (Abcam).

Techniques: Control, Marker, Expressing, Concentration Assay, Clone Assay

Journal: Nature

Article Title: Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1895-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 | Antigen identification of clonally expanded TCRs in the CSF of patients with AD. a, Unweighted network analysis of CD8 TCRαβ sequences combined from plate-seq and drop-seq experiments. Group node IDs with individual TCRαβ clones are depicted as circles and sized according to the proportion of total sequences of each clone. Arrow indicates a shared clonal TCRαβ sequence with specificity for EBV EBNA3A. Note that several healthy control (HC) subjects have no clones. b, Shared TCRαβ sequences among patients with MCI or AD. Three patients had identical TCRβ chains with specificity for EBV EBNA3A. The antigen specificity of TCRβ is shown below19. c, Differential expression of EBV-specific clones in MCI and AD (from n = 3 subjects) versus all CSF T cells shows enhanced expression of cytotoxic effector genes. MAST differential expression test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction. d, Workflow for antigen identification of CSF TCRs. GLIPH was applied to TCR sequencing to derive homologous TCR sequences between patients. GLIPH identified two patients with AD who had identical TCRβ chains

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies included rat anti-human CD3 (Abcam), rabbit anti-human CD8α (Cell Signaling), mouse anti-Aβ (Cell Signaling), chicken anti-human MAP2 (Abcam), mouse anti-human granzyme-A (Abcam), rat anti-mouse CD8a (eBioscience) and rabbit anti-mouse NEFH (Abcam).

Techniques: Clone Assay, Sequencing, Control, Quantitative Proteomics, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Otology

Article Title: Super-resolution immunohistochemistry study on CD4 and CD8 cells and the relation to macrophages in human cochlea

doi: 10.1016/j.joto.2018.11.010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Main primary antibodies used in the study.

Article Snippet: CD8α , monoclonal , 1:100 , mouse , MAB1509 , R&DSystems, Minneapolis, USA.

Techniques: